The Female Athlete

Continued...

Women, Exercise and Nutrition

There are many nutritional differences between men and women. As a fitness professional, you may be a reliable source of information about proper nutrition for active women.

In general:Women consume fewer calories than men and tend to be restrictive eaters, overly concerned about the fat content of food.

They have a higher incidence of eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia) and other disordered eating patterns, such as frequent fasting, use of diuretics and faddish, unbalanced eating.

| 8 | 9 | 10 They have higher needs for calcium and iron in the diet than men do. Women have higher iron needs due to menstrual blood loss. Foods highest in iron content are iron-fortified products such as certain cereals. Foods that naturally contain iron include red meat, dried apricots and large amounts of green vegetables.

Women need slightly higher amounts of calcium than men do- l,000 mg vs. 800 mg a day. The highest concentration of calcium occurs in dairy products. Women who have irregular or absent menstrual periods need 1,500 mg of calcium a day to stay in neutral calcium balance.

If a woman cannot achieve an adequate calcium intake, she should see a nutritionist and consider calcium supplementation. In general, calcium is best absorbed through dietary sources, but a calcium carbonate tablet, such as Tums, may be an acceptable alternative if she is unable to meet her needs.

As an increasing number of women become aware of the value of exercise, you can play a key role in guiding women to lead healthier lives. Remember that women's goals, challenges and exercise preferences vary widely. The more you are able to integrate individual differences into your approach, the more effective you will be in promoting lifelong fitness habits for your female clients.

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About the authors: Carol L. Otis, M.D., is Chief Medical Advisor to the Sanex WTA and UCLA student health physician. Roger Goldingay is a former professional soccer player. They are married and the co-authors of The Athletic Woman's Survival Guide.

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Table of Contents

Foreword: Billie Jean King

Comments by Barb Harris
Editor in Chief,
Shape Magazine

General Health
Nutrition
Exercise
Common Medical Problems
Dental Health
Emergency!
Infectious Disease
Sexual Health
Emotional Well-Being
Eating Disorders
Alcohol & Other Drugs
Environmental Health
Prevention